Harlech Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, stands majestically on the rugged cliffs of North Wales, overlooking the picturesque town of Harlech and Cardigan Bay.
Built by Edward I during his campaign to conquer Wales in the late 13th century, the castle played a crucial role in the conflicts between the English and the Welsh. Visitors are drawn not only to its historical significance but also to the breathtaking views of Cardigan Bay it offers.
When you visit Harlech Castle you will find it is not just about gazing at this marvel of a structure but also about learning of its stories of battles, sieges, and the cultural impact it has had on Wales.
I came here after visiting Flint Castle so it was an opportunity to learn a lot more about the period. As soon as you see the castle you get a real wow feeling when you see the ruins and the setting.
Location and Significance
Located in Gwynedd, North Wales, Harlech Castle is strategically positioned on a rocky outcrop, which made it a formidable fortress. Its location was carefully chosen to control the surrounding mountainous landscape and coastal routes, allowing the English crown to exert dominance over the region.
The castle’s proximity to the sea also added a strategic layer, enhancing its military advantage during the medieval period. From any direction it looks wonderful in its position. High on a rocky outcrop cliff, above what would have been the sea edge in its time. Today it is more inland than it was in the years of use.
With the Snowdonia Mountains to the North. Today, a spectacular, picturesque and historic view, back then a very strategic spot.
The significance of Harlech Castle extends beyond its military function; it represents the architectural ingenuity of the time. It was one of the last castles built in the concentric design, which was advanced for its era. This design, featuring multiple layers of defense, showcases the culmination of castle-building techniques that evolved during the Middle Ages.
History
Construction of Harlech Castle began in 1283 under the direction of the renowned architect James of St. George. The project was part of Edward I’s larger strategy to subjugate Wales and suppress local uprisings. The castle was completed in the late 1290s and became operational as both a military stronghold and a royal residence.
To say it cost so much to build for its time and for the remoteness and stature, it was never really well equipped or well manned. In 1404 it was taken by the Welsh under Owain Glyn Dwr until the English took it back again in 1409 under the soon to be Henry V.
Later, during the War of The Roses, Queen Margaret of Anjou (wife of Henry VI) fled here and was protected by Lancastrian followers. The garrison was led by Constable Dafydd ap Ieuan, and under siege from 1461 to 1468 they held out.. that is until Edward IV ordered it be finally taken with a reported 10,000 men that were needed to take the castle. It was the longest siege ever known in British history. It inspired the famous song ‘Men of Harlech’, many of you may remember from its use in the film Zulu.
That is not all, yes, it had been destroyed in the main during the War of the Roses but during the Civil War of 1642 – 1648 it was used as a Royalist fortress.
After another long siege in the castles history it became the last Royalist Garrison to fall and thus marking the beginning of the end of that war too. It was the Parliamentarians whom then set about making the castle unusable. It is thanks to them not going too far we have the spectacular ruins we see today.
Architectural Marvels
Harlech Castle is celebrated for its impressive design, characterized by its robust stone walls, towers, and gatehouse. The castle features a concentric layout, with an outer curtain wall that encases a series of inner structures, including the Great Hall and a series of residential quarters. The advanced design not only fortified the castle but also provided a comfortable living environment for its occupants.
The walls of Harlech are constructed from local stone, giving the castle a sturdy appearance while blending harmoniously with the surrounding landscape. The principal gatehouse, with its imposing towers, served as the main entrance and was designed to withstand attacks. The use of narrow arrow slits allowed defenders to repel invaders while minimizing exposure.
It is a remarkable building to see and experience with your own eyes believe me. Sunshine or cloud you cannot escape being mesmerised by the setting and the stature. Thankfully you are still able to get up onto the walls, walk around and take in some fresh air off the Irish Sea. Invigorating!
Visiting Harlech Castle
Opening Times and Access
Harlech Castle is open year-round, with varying hours depending on the season. Typically, the castle opens at 9.30 AM and closes at 5 PM, though these times may extend during the summer months.
Prices are reasonable compared with many places of the same stature. From £9.50 to £10 per adult depending on the season.
Dogs are very welcome on the lower levels but not on the walls.
Access to the castle is facilitated by a well-maintained path leading from the town of Harlech, making it easily reachable for tourists. There are also facilities for those with mobility challenges, ensuring that everyone can experience the castle’s rich history and stunning views. Parking is available nearby, making it convenient for visitors arriving by car.
Local Attractions and Activities
Exploring the Surrounding Area
The area around Harlech Castle is rich in natural beauty and cultural attractions. Visitors can explore the stunning Snowdonia National Park, with its breathtaking landscapes, hiking trails, and opportunities for outdoor activities like rock climbing and mountain biking. The park is home to diverse wildlife and offers picturesque views that enhance the overall experience.
Additionally, the nearby town of Harlech is worth exploring. Its quaint streets are lined with charming shops, cafes, and art galleries, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in local culture and craftsmanship. The proximity to beautiful sandy beaches offers a perfect spot for relaxation and picnicking, making it an ideal destination for a full day of exploration.
Explore The Other Castles
My tip is to take in Harlech Castle as part of a mini tour of all the Edward I castles in North wales. All a relatively within easy reach by car, I have already touched on Flint Castle but there is also:
Beaumaris Castle – The Unfinished Masterpiece of Anglesey
Conwy Castle: A Spectacular Fortress that Stands the Test of Time
Caernarfon Castle – The Mighty Medieval Fortress
Dining and Accommodation Options
For those looking to dine near Harlech Castle, the town offers a variety of restaurants, cafes, and pubs serving traditional Welsh cuisine. From hearty meals featuring locally sourced ingredients to lighter fare, there are options to suit every palate. Many establishments also offer stunning views of the castle and surrounding landscape, enhancing the dining experience.
Literally outside the castle gatehouse is some absolutely perfect accommodation that I was kindly invited to stay in during my journey. The Harlech apartments.
Not only complete luxury within, you just cannot beat the view. Out one window the castle stands there right in front of you, sea behind. And out the other window you can see the mountains of Snowdonia. It was definitely a memory to wake up to.
Accommodation elsewhere in Harlech ranges from cozy bed and breakfasts to hotels, catering to different preferences and budgets. Staying overnight allows visitors to soak in the serene atmosphere of the town and explore the castle and surrounding areas at a leisurely pace. With various options available, finding a comfortable place to stay is convenient and accessible.
Here are a few examples:
The Queens Hotel: A hotel with gardens within 2km of Harlech
Gwrach Ynys Country Guest House: A 4 Star B&B with easy access to local attractions
Castle Cottage Inn: A place to unwind with rooms, restaurant and a bar
Conclusion
A visit to Harlech Castle is more than just a trip to a historical site; it is an opportunity to connect with the rich tapestry of Welsh heritage. The castle’s impressive architecture, profound historical significance, and stunning natural surroundings make it a must-see for anyone interested in history or culture. Walking through its ancient halls and gazing out over the panoramic views evokes a sense of wonder and appreciation for the past.
