Walthamstow Wetlands: Wild London

Walthamstow Wetlands is a remarkable natural sanctuary situated in the heart of London, offering a unique blend of tranquillity and biodiversity.

Spanning over 520 acres (11 hectares), it is the largest urban wetland in Europe and serves as an essential habitat for a diverse array of wildlife. It is today the largest supplier of water to London and serves over 3.5 million people.

One sunny day back I discovered the Walthamstow Wetlands and took a walk around, camera in hand. It really is a wildlife gem right here in London. There is wonderful mix of reservoirs and wildlife juxtaposed against historic, industrial buildings, machinery, and the London skyline in the distance. 

History of Walthamstow Wetlands

The history of Walthamstow Wetlands dates back over 150 years, to the 19th century, when the marshland area was developed to extract water from the River Lea and create reservoirs.

Initially, it served a utilitarian purpose, supplying clean water to the growing population of London. The construction of the reservoirs began in the 1860s, with a complex network of channels, dykes, and pumping stations transforming the landscape into a functional waterworks.

The final reservoir to be built there was the huge 74 hectare Lockwood Reservoir in 1897. The workforce number required for this reservoir alone was over 1200. There are 10 bodies of water in total in the wetlands.

The site played a crucial role in supplying water to the capital during the Industrial Revolution when urbanization surged. As the city’s population expanded, access to clean water became increasingly important. The reservoirs at Walthamstow were among the key infrastructures that supported the growing demand.

Over the decades, the area evolved into a vital resource, earmarked for conservation and public enjoyment.

In 2017, after extensive restoration efforts, Walthamstow Wetlands was officially opened to the public as a nature reserve. This transformation aimed to balance the historical significance of the site with the need for environmental conservation.

Today, the wetlands not only serve as a water supply but also as a recreational space for Londoners and visitors alike.

Wildlife and Biodiversity

One of the most appealing aspects of Walthamstow Wetlands, and especially for me, is its rich biodiversity, particularly its avian population. The site is a renowned hotspot for birdwatchers, attracting enthusiasts year-round.

Over 200 species of birds have been recorded within the wetlands, including migratory species such as the common tern and the sleek black-headed gull. The variety of habitats—ranging from open water to reed beds and grasslands—provides ideal nesting and feeding grounds, making it a perfect haven for birdlife.

The Wetlands also provides safe haven for all kinds of migratory birds which winter here, various breeding birds such as grey heron, tufted duck, little egret, and other birds which can be seen all year round such as kingfisher and peregrine falcon.

I particularly liked to photograph the wildfowl such as cormorants, great crested grebes, coots, herons, swans, geese.

Birdwatchers can enjoy spotting various species throughout the year, with spring and autumn migrations offering the best opportunities for sightings. There are strategically placed hides and viewing platforms designed to enhance the birdwatching experience, allowing visitors to observe these fascinating creatures in their natural habitat without disturbing them.

As well as birds, there are also otters, insects, amphibians, bats and water voles.  A whole range of butterflies and dragonflies. It is really a wonderful and easily accessible place to explore and get in touch with wild London.

The wetlands boast a diverse range of flora and fauna, contributing to its ecological significance. The area is home to numerous plant species, including reed beds that are crucial for filtering water and providing habitat for insects and smaller wildlife. As I walked throughout I was greeted by ragged robin, red campion, dog roses and hawthorn blossom in particular.

Native plants such as willow, sedges, and various grasses thrive in the wetlands, creating a vibrant ecosystem that supports other forms of life.

Walking and Cycling Trails

Walthamstow Wetlands offers a plethora of walking and cycling trails that wind through its picturesque landscape. The extensive network of paths caters to all fitness levels, whether you’re looking for a leisurely stroll or an invigorating bike ride. The trails are well-marked and accessible, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in nature while enjoying stunning views of the wetlands and surrounding areas.

For those who prefer organized activities, several guided walks and tours are offered throughout the year, led by knowledgeable guides who share insights into the area’s ecology, history, and wildlife.

I myself was here on a special photography tour led by Photographer and coordinator of the Nikon Owner London Group, Michael Eleftheriades and Iain Green, Nature Photographer, author and tutor.

Fishing

With all the bodies of water available here, Walthamstow Wetland has become the largest fishery in London.

Fishing beginners or experts can take part in coarse or fly fishing with day tickets and season tickets available. More info on fishing and how to take part can be found at Thames Water.

Things To See

Beyond the fresh air, the nature and the escapism from the bustle of London there are many interesting things to see at Walthamstow Wetlands that help to show the history of this area from marshland to nature reserve through the last 150 years.

Coppermill Tower

the Grade II Listed Coppermill Tower. There is mention of a mill at this site far back in the historical records, with mention in the Doomsday Book of a mill having been on the site since 1066.

Copper, paper, gundpowder and the Walthamstow Penny were at one time or another manufactured here. Now it provides a picturesque viewing tower for surveying the surrounds and London, you can see as far as Ally Pally (Alexandra Palace), and is apparently an operational centre for Thames Water.

Victorian Engine House

The old Engine house is where you will now find the site Cafe and Education Centre. The Engine House was built in 1897 and was actually in use all the way up to the 1980s.

Enjoy a warm cuppa whilst gazing out over the wetlands. Lunch for me comprised a selection of tasty ciabatta sandwiches, and for me a dandelion & burdock pop, which transported me right back to childhood and for some reason right to the banks of the River Severn at Iron Bridge in Shropshire.

Visiting Information

Opening Hours and Admission

Walthamstow Wetlands is open year-round, with varying opening hours depending on the season. Generally, the wetlands open from dawn until dusk, allowing ample time for exploration.

Admission to the wetlands is free, making it an accessible destination for all visitors. However, parking is paid for with 1 hour costing £2.

Visitors are encouraged to respect the natural environment and follow guidelines to preserve the tranquility of the wetlands. Keeping to designated paths, avoiding littering, and observing wildlife from a distance are essential practices to help maintain this precious ecosystem.

Getting There: Transport Options

Reaching Walthamstow Wetlands is convenient, thanks to various transportation options. The wetlands are accessible via public transport, with several bus routes and the London Overground service connecting to nearby stations.

For me it was just an 8 minute walk from Tottenham Hale tube station. It is similar in walking distance from Blackhorse Road station too.

The bus services 123 and 230 do stop within a 5 minute walk of the wetlands.

Conclusion

Walthamstow Wetlands is a captivating blend of history, wildlife, and recreational opportunities, making it one of London’s most remarkable natural treasures. Whether you’re interested in birdwatching, photography, or simply enjoying a peaceful walk in nature, the wetlands offer something for everyone.

I’m on a mission to discover the other wildlife areas London has to offer.

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